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Cool Animal Friends images

Some cool animal friends images:


Animal Friends Diaper Clutch
animal friends
Image by irenedesign
irenedesign.blogspot.com/2010/10/sew-and-tell-diaper-clut...


friends...
animal friends
Image by ~Liliana
Świnka, Biała, Bobek...


Dylan's Discovery
animal friends
Image by RaGardner4
Dylan found this little turtle while we were riding the ATVs up 4-acre hill at Grandma's in TN. He picked it right up and carried it back down with us to boast about his new friend. He really wanted to keep it as a pet but then said he'd just keep it overnight and so it could go back to it's "family" the next morning.

eating with the other species

Check out these animal species images:


eating with the other species
animal species
Image by jessamyn

Nice All About Animals photos

A few nice all about animals images I found:



loose kangaroo
all about animals
Image by greyloch
This is one of the kangaroos used in the animal show. I was in the right place at the right time when he was being walked back to his habitat. Very curious about everything and jumped right up to me to say hello (seriously, animals and little kids do this to me all the time - it's kinda freaky). His caretaker is offering him some food to coax him back. Poor little fella had a cataract in his right eye but was extremely cute... in a kangaroo kind of way. :-)

Cool Animal Cruelty images

Check out these animal cruelty images:


Wild Dog
animal cruelty
Image by Sokwanele - Zimbabwe


Snared Impala
animal cruelty
Image by Sokwanele - Zimbabwe

Nice Animal Game photos

Some cool animal game images:




Surrounding the animals
animal game
Image by msaari
Surrounding animals with a string in String Savanna.

Cool Pet Animals images

A few nice pet animals images I found:


LiL Foot- Haze
pet animals
Image by Guru Sno Studios
she might have that look on her face of "i'm going to get you chump" but it was more really "what's this crap we have for dinner"
LoL



Pluche
pet animals
Image by Bert Heymans

110603acp334mb141.jpg

Check out these animal research images:


110603acp334mb141.jpg
animal research
Image by ukagriculture
(Right to left) UK College of Agriculture Dean M. Scott Smith congratulated Dean Emeritus Charles Oran Little at the Naming of the C. Oran Little Research Center on Friday afternoon at the Woodford County Farm outside Versailles, Ky.

Cool Endangered Animal images

Check out these endangered animal images:



Snow Leopard
endangered animal
Image by rogersmithpix
Panthera uncia ... Is listed as endangered. It is a sad fact that the biggest threat to snow leopards (like most other endangered animals) are humans. Humans have for centuries hunted them for their fur and their bones; fur to wear as coats and hats, and bones to be used in traditional medicines.
... photographed at Taronga Zoological Park, Sydney, Australia


The endangered animals lead us, ideally away from danger.
endangered animal
Image by beelerspace

150mm+ Zoom

Some cool animal pics images:


150mm+ Zoom
animal pics
Image by Johnwobert
These pics were all taken @150mm focal length or greater.

i seperated these fro mthe rest as i discovered them to be extremely soft especially when taken with the widest aperture available. Some pics taken at F/8 or greater are useable but still soft.

cos of these pics i have replaced my kit 50-200mm pentax lens with a tamron 28-300 which seems to be sharp all the way through the focal length ... gosh darn it ... i guess i have to go back to Chester Zoo :)))))


150mm+ Zoom
animal pics
Image by Johnwobert
These pics were all taken @150mm focal length or greater.

i seperated these fro mthe rest as i discovered them to be extremely soft especially when taken with the widest aperture available. Some pics taken at F/8 or greater are useable but still soft.

cos of these pics i have replaced my kit 50-200mm pentax lens with a tamron 28-300 which seems to be sharp all the way through the focal length ... gosh darn it ... i guess i have to go back to Chester Zoo :)))))


150mm+ Zoom
animal pics
Image by Johnwobert
These pics were all taken @150mm focal length or greater.

i seperated these fro mthe rest as i discovered them to be extremely soft especially when taken with the widest aperture available. Some pics taken at F/8 or greater are useable but still soft.

cos of these pics i have replaced my kit 50-200mm pentax lens with a tamron 28-300 which seems to be sharp all the way through the focal length ... gosh darn it ... i guess i have to go back to Chester Zoo :)))))

Nice Animal Picture photos

A few nice animal picture images I found:




Animal Tree
animal picture
Image by Larah McElroy

Cool Animal Plant images

Check out these animal plant images:


Tamarind, Tamarindus indica...Me ....#8
animal plant
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Chụp hình ngày 5-6-2011, tại thành phố Hồ chí Minh ( Saigon ), miền Nam Việt Nam

Taken on June 5, 2011, in Ho chi Minh city ( Saigon ), southern of Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Me
Common names : Tamarind
Scientist name : Tamarindus indica L.
Synonyms :
Family : Fabaceae _ Pea family
Group : Dicot
Duration : Perennial
Growth Habit : Tree
Kingdom : Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Fabales
Genus : Tamarindus L. – tamarind
Species : Tamarindus indica L. – tamarind

**** vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me

**** www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon...
Bộ phận dùng: Quả, lá, vỏ cây - Fructus, Folium et Cortex Tamarindi Indicae.

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài cây cỏ nhiệt đới, được trồng nhiều ở Ấn Ðộ. Cũng được trồng ở nước ta làm cây bóng mát và lấy quả ăn, chế mứt, làm nước giải khát hoặc nấu canh chua. Ta thu hái lá và vỏ quanh năm; thu quả vào mùa đông.

Thành phần hóa học: Cơm quả giàu glucid (đường, pectin) khoảng 10%, acid citric và tartric tự do, 8% bitartrat acid kali, có tác dụng nhuận tràng, còn có dấu vết của acid oxalic.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Quả Me có vị chua, tính mát, có tác dụng thanh nhiệt, giải nắng, giúp tiêu hoá, lợi trung tiện và nhuận tràng. Ở Trung Quốc, quả Me được xem như có tác dụng dưỡng can minh mục, tiêu thực hoá tích, chỉ khát thoái nhiệt, tán bì, sát trùng. Hạt Me có tác dụng tẩy giun. Gỗ Me có tác dụng nhuận tràng và lợi tiểu nhẹ. Vỏ cây Me có vị chát, làm săn da. Lá Me giải độc.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Quả Me dùng ăn tươi hay làm mứt hoặc pha nước đường uống dùng chống bệnh hoại huyết, đau gan vàng da và chống nôn oẹ.

Ở Thái Lan, người ta dùng quả trị bệnh khi bị rối loạn của mật, còn nước hãm quả dùng uống trị sốt rét. Cũng dùng làm thuốc giúp tiêu hoá.

Ở Trung Quốc, quả Me được dùng trị viêm dạ dày mạn tính, thực tích, tiêu hoá không bình thường, đau khối cục ở bụng, đàm ẩm, phụ nữ có thai nôn mửa, trẻ con cam tích, bệnh giun đũa, dự phòng trúng nắng.

Vỏ Me thường dùng làm thuốc cầm máu, trị ỉa chảy, lỵ và nấu nước ngậm, súc miệng chữa viêm lợi răng. Lá dùng trị bệnh ngoài da, thường tắm cho trẻ em đề phòng bệnh ngoài da vào mùa hè.

Cách dùng: Cơm quả thường dùng tươi hay làm mứt. Dùng pha nước đường uống, ngày 2-6g. Vỏ phơi khô, tán bột rắc hoặc sắc uống. Gỗ cây dùng sắc. Lá nấu nước tắm.

Đơn thuốc:

1. Có thai, chán cơm hay nôn nghén: Ăn mứt Me hay sắc quả Me lấy nước uống.

2. Có mang táo bón hay người già táo bón mạn tính: gỗ Me 100g sắc uống hàng ngày thay nước trà.

3. Tẩy giun: Hạt Me 4-8g phối hợp với quả Giun 6-12g sao vàng tán bột uống, uống liền trong ba ngày vào lúc sáng sớm.

**** sites.google.com/site/raurungvietnam/rau-than-go-lon/cay-me
Phân bố

Me (Tamarindus indica), là một loại cây nhiệt đới, có nguồn gốc ở miền Đông Châu Phi, nhưng hiện nay được trồng nhiều hơn ở khu vực nhiệt đới của Châu Á cũng như Châu Mỹ Latinh.
Cây me hiện nay được phân bố rộng rãi trên khắp các vành đai nhiệt đới ,từ châu Phi đến Nam Á , Bắc Úc , và khắp Đông Nam Á , Đài Loan và Trung Quốc .
Trong thế kỷ 16, nó đã được giới thiệu đến Mexico , cũng như Nam Mỹ , thực dân Tây Ban Nha và Bồ Đào Nha , đến mức độ trở thành những người rất thường sử dụng me.
Cây me có thể mọc hoang hay trồng ở Việt Nam. Me là cây biểu tượng của tỉnh Phetchabun ở Thái Lan.

Mô tả

Cây me (Tamarindus indica) là loài duy nhất trong chi Me chua (Tamarindus ) thuộc họ Đậu (Fabaceae).
-Thân: Là loại cây thân gỗ, có thể cao tới 20 mét và là cây thường xanh trong những khu vực không có mùa khô. Gỗ của thân cây me bao gồm lớp gỗ lõi cứng, màu đỏ sẫm và lớp dác gỗ mềm có màu ánh vàng.
-Lá: Có dạng lá kép lông chim, bao gồm từ 10 đến 40 lá kép nhỏ.
-Hoa: Tạo thành dạng cành hoa (cụm hoa với trục kéo dài và nhiều cuống nhỏ chứa một hoa, giống như ở cây xanh).
-Quả:Là loại quả đậu màu nâu, bên trong chứa cùi thịt và nhiều hạt có vỏ cứng.
-Hạt: Màu nâu đậm, có thể có đường rạch đôi để tăng cường khả năng nảy mầm.

Thành phần hóa học

Theo tài liệu phân tích ở Ấn Độ thì thành phần hóa học trong 100 gam của thịt quả me chín, lá non và hoa như sau:
............................Đọc bảng chi tiết trên đường link .......................

Trong hạt me chứa 63% chất gom cứng, 14-18% albuminoids và 4,5-6,5% chất béo đặc.

Các công dụng của cây me

a-Lá me non dùng như một loại rau có chất chua
1-Lá me non dùng để ăn sống, bóp gỏi: Do lá me non có vị chua nên được trộn với rau sống khác như chuối cây xắt, bắp chuối xắt, bông súng, kèo nèo, rau mác, hẹ nước dùng làm rau ghém hoặc dùng để bóp gỏi.
2-Lá me non dùng để nấu canh chua: Lá me non được dùng để nấu canh chua với ếch, nhái, cá đồng, cá biển...rất phổ biến ở Nam Bộ Việt Nam.
b-Cùi thịt quả dùng làm chất chua
1-Cùi thịt quả tươi làm chất chua: Quả tươi được nướng hay luộc chín, dầm nát trong nước sôi để lấy nước nấu canh chua, nấu lẩu, bóp gỏi...
2-Cùi thịt quả chín làm chất chua: Quả chín lột vỏ, dầm nước xôi để lấy nước chua nấu canh chua, nấu lẩu, bóp gỏi..
3-Quả me sống, me dốt để ăn chơi: Quả me sống và đặc biệt là me dốt được dùng để ăn sống trực tiếp, nhất là những phụ nữ mang bầu.
4-Cùi thịt quả me sắp chín dùng làm mứt, ô mai: Quả me sắp chín gọt vỏ, tách hạt ngào đường làm mứt, ô mai là món ăn rất khoái khẩu.
5-Cùi thịt quả chín dùng làm nước giải khát: Cùi thịt quả chín xay nhuyễn hòa với nước đường làm nước giải khát, gải nhiệt.
6- Cùi thịt quả chín làm tương me: Cùi thịt quả chín xay nhuyễn làm tương me trong chế biến gia vị hiện đại như tương ớt.
c-Thân cây me là loại gổ tốt
1-Thân cành cây me làm củi đốt : Thân cành cây me khô dùng làm củi đốt có năng lượng cao.
2-Gổ me được dùng làm thớt : Gổ me có tỷ trọng cao, rắn chắc, ít tạo dâm, được dùng làm thớt me để chặt vật cứng như xương, bầm mắm, cá, thịt...
3-Gổ me dùng để gia công đồ mỹ nghệ : Gổ me bền, dể cẩn, khắc, được dùng để gia công đồ mỹ nghệ như tượng, dụng cụ...
d-Nhiều bộ phận của cây me dùng làm thuốc
1-Ở Ấn Độ : Do các tính chất y học của cây me nên nó còn được dùng trong y học Ayurveda để điều trị một số bệnh liên quan đến dạ dày hay đường tiêu hóa nói chung và trong hoạt động bảo vệ tim mạch.
2-Ở miền bắc Nigeria : vỏ thân cây me tươi và lá tươi được sử dụng như thuốc sắc pha trộn với bồ tạt cho điều trị các rối loạn dạ dày, đau cơ thể, sốt vàng da, vàng và là loại thuốc bổ máu và những chất rửa da.
3- Ở Philipin: Lá me được dùng trong một số loại trà thuốc để giảm sốt rét.
4-Ở Việt Nam:Theo các nhà dinh dưỡng, trong quả me có nhiều vitamin C, B, khoảng 14% acid tartaric và một số nhỏ malic acid… nên có tác dụng nhuận tràng, giúp kích thích vị giác, cải thiện tình trạng kém ăn, mệt mỏi do nắng nóng hay buồn nôn, chán ăn khi mang thai. Trái me góp phần bù nước, điện giải, cung cấp vitamin, khoáng chất, giải nhiệt...
Trong Đông y, quả me có vị chua, tính mát, thanh nhiệt, giải khát, tăng cường tiêu hóa. Chữa các bệnh: phụ nữ mang thai nôn nghén, chán ăn; chữa ho, làm ấm bụng, kích thích tiêu hóa; trị chứng hay chảy máu chân răng; chữa sốt do nắng nóng...
5-Theo tây y:
-Trong nghiên cứu trên động vật, me đã được tìm thấy để giảm cholesterol huyết thanh và nồng độ đường trong máu. Do thiếu thử nghiệm lâm sàng có sẵn, có đủ chứng cứ để khuyến cáo me để điều trị tăng cholesterol máu hoặc tiểu đường.
-Dựa trên nghiên cứu ở con người, me có thể trì hoãn sự tiến triển của nhiễm fluor xương bằng cách tăng cường sự bài tiết của fluoride. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu bổ sung là cần thiết để xác nhận các kết quả này.
Các bài thuốc từ cây me

1-Chữa ho, làm ấm bụng, kích thích tiêu hóa: Quả me xanh đem cạo vỏ ngoài, rửa sạch, để ráo nước, giã nát với gừng tươi cho thật nhuyễn, loại bỏ xơ. Thêm đường vừa đủ. Đun nhỏ lửa và đảo đều, sau đó trộn với bột cam thảo vừa đủ khô, rồi đóng khuôn làm thành dạng ô mai, mỗi ngày ngậm 3 – 6 lần (theo Y học cổ truyền Việt Nam).
2-Phụ nữ mang thai nôn nghén, chán ăn: Cạo vỏ 30g quả me xanh, rửa sạch cho vào nồi nấu với 300 ml nước, khi còn 200 ml thì bắc nồi xuống, chỉ lấy phần nước, thêm đường vừa đủ và chia ra uống 3 lần trong ngày, uống 3 ngày (theo Y học cổ truyền Việt Nam).
3-Trị chứng hay chảy máu chân răng: 3 - 5g thịt từ quả me chín pha với một chén nước ấm uống trong ngày, uống vào buổi sáng sau bữa ăn. Dùng liên tục trong 7 ngày. Hoặc 20g quả xanh, nạo bỏ vỏ, đun với hai bát nước còn một bát, chia uống hai lần trong ngày, khi uống có thể cho thêm ít đường hoặc mật ong. Uống từ 5 - 7 ngày (theo Y học cổ truyền Việt Nam).
4-Giúp giảm đau nhức xương khớp: 100g quả me xanh, đem đun với nước, khi chín vớt ra dầm nát lấy phần thịt (bỏ vỏ và hạt), để nguội trộn với muối đã giã nhỏ thoa đều lên chỗ xương khớp đau nhức, nên thoa vào trước các giấc ngủ trưa và tối. Thoa trong 7 ngày (theo Y học cổ truyền Việt Nam).
5-Chữa sốt do nắng nóng: 15g quả me xanh đã nạo vỏ, đem đun khoảng 1 bát nước, khi sôi dầm nát quả me, sau đó bỏ vỏ và hạt, chắt lấy nước, khi uống pha thêm đường hoặc mật ong. Bài thuốc này, giúp cơ thể hạ nhiệt nhanh chóng, kích thích thèm ăn (theo Y học cổ truyền Việt Nam).
6-Giải nhiệt ngày hè: Nghiền 20g thịt quả me chín với 200ml nước, lượt bỏ hột và xơ, khi uống pha cho thêm ít đường, khuấy đều, có thể cho thêm đá lạnh, uống hàng ngày.
7-Trị rơm, sảy, ghẻ ngứa, lác, lang beng: Dùng lá me già nấu sôi rồi pha ấm, lấy nước rửa mạnh chổ bệnh, sau đó lấy xác đấp 10-15 phút. Sau cùng dùng nước sạch rửa lại. Mỗi ngày làm 1-2 lần (theo kinh nghiệm dân gian Nam Bộ).
Kỹ sư Hồ Đình Hải

__________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAIN2
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarind
**** www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tamarind.html

**** www.stuartxchange.com/Sampalok.html
Botany
Sampalok is a large tree 12 to 25 meters high, nearly glabrous. Leaves are evenly pinnate, 6 to 10 centimeters long, with 20 to 40 leaflets, rather close, oblong, obtuse, 1 to 2 centimeters long. Racemes are mostly axillary though sometimes panicled, and reaching a length of 5 to 10 centimeters.
Calyx is about 1 centimeter long, the calyx tube turbinate, the teeth lanceolate, much imbricated, the lower 2 connate. Petals are yellowish with pink stripes, obovate-oblong, less than 1 centimeter long. Only the 3 upper petals developed, the 2 lateral ones ovate, the upper hooded, the 2 lower ones reduced to scales. Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed, ovary many-ovuled. Fruits are pods oblong, thickened, 6 to 15 centimeters long, 2 to 3 centimeters wide, slightly compressed, the exocarp thin and crustaceous, the mesocarp pulpy acid and edible.

Distribution
- Planted throughout the settled areas of the Philippines.
- An attractive ornamental along avenues.
- Prehistoric introduction.
- Probably a native of tropical Africa.
- Pantropic in cultivation.

Constituents
- Fixed oil, 15-20%; citric, acetic, butyric and oxalic acids; tannin; pectin.
- Various studies have shown high amounts of crude protein and essential amino acids, carbohydrates, minerals, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium.
- An analysis of tamarind pulp yielded: citric acid, 9.40; tartaric acid, 1.55; malic acid, 0.45; bitartrate of potash, 3.25; sugar, 12.5, gum, 4.7; vegetable jelly (pectin), 6.25; parenchyma, 34.35; and water, 27.55.
- Seed yielded tannin, a fixed oil, and insoluble matter. Analysis showed albuminoids, fat, carbohydrates, 63.22; fiber; and ash containing phosphorus and nitrogen.
- Fruit yields a trace of oxalic acid.
- Bark of old trees yield 7 per cent tannin.

Properties
- Propagation by seed, soaked in water for 8 to 9 days before transplanting.
- Flowering from April to October.
- Astringent, tonic, digestive, antiasthmatic, febrifuge, carminative, antiscorbutic, antibilious.
- Bark is considered astringent and tonic.
- Pulp considered refrigerant and laxative.
- Seed and testa are astringent.

Parts used
· Leaves, fruits, flowers, and bark.
· Gather fruits from March to June when fruits ripen.
· Remove rind, dry under the sun.

Uses
Edibility / Culinary / Nutrition
- As a souring condiment.
- Source of vitamins B and C.
- Sweetened and candied. The seeds, surrounded by a brownish pulp, tamarindo, are made into balls from which jams, sweets and drinks are made. The pulp, malasebo, is often eaten outright, with or without salt. The pulp is also an ingredient in Indian curries and chutnies.
- In India, seeds are eaten after the outer skin has been removed by roasting or soaking; then boiled or fried.
- The seed is sometimes used as famine food by aboriginal tribes.
- Young leaves and very young seedlings and flowers are cooked and eaten as greens and used popularly in the Philippines for seasoning "sinigang," and in India for curries. In Zimbabwe, leaves used in soups, flowers in salads.
- In some part of tropical America, a fermented drink is made from the pulp.
Folkloric
• In the Philippines, the bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds are used medicinally in the way it is used in other countries.
• Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for fevers, puerperism, and convalescence.
• Fever: Macerate pulp or ripe fruit in water, sweeten to taste, and drink.
• Laxative: Pulp ia considered a mild laxative because of the presence of potassium bitartrate. Eat pulp of ripe fruit liberally and follow with plenty of water.
• Asthma: Bark; chop and boil a foot-long piece of bark in 3 glasses of water for 10 minutes. Adults, 1 cup after every meal and at bedtime; children, 1/2 cup 4 times daily; babies, 2 tbsps 4 times daily.
• Decoction of ash: For colic, indigestion; as gargle for sore throats, aphthous sores.
• Ash is considered astringent and tonic; used internally as a digestive. Ash preparation: Fry the bark with common salt in an earthen pot until it turns to powdered white ash; a heaping teaspoon of the ash to half-cup of boiling water; cool and drink for colic and indigestion.
• Poultice or lotion from bark applied to ulcers, boils, and rashes.
• Poultice of leaves to inflammatory swellings of ankles and joints.
• Decoction of leaves as postpartum tea; also used as a wash for indolent ulcers.
• Flowers for conjunctival inflammation. Internally, as decoction or infusion, for bleeding piles (4 glasses of tea daily).
• Pulp surrounding the seeds is considered cooling and a gentlelaxative.
• Gargle of tamarind water used for healing aphthous ulcers and sore throat.
• Tamarind pulp considered preventive and curative for scurvy.
• In Mauritius, the Creoles mix salt with the pulp and use it as a liniment for rheumatism.
• Tamarind infusion considered carminative and digestive, antiscorbutic and antibilious.
• Young leaves used as fomentation for rheumatism and applied to sores and wounds.
• In Malaya decoction of leaves used for fevers.
• The leaves crushed with water and expressed, used for bilious fever and in scalding of urine.
• Poultice of leaves crushed in water used for ankle and joint inflammations to reduce swelling and pain.
• Decoction of leaves used as a wash for indolent ulcers.
• Poultice of flowers used for conjunctival inflammation. Juice expressed from flowers used internally for bleeding piles.
• Juice of leaves, warmed by dipping a red hot iron, used in dysentery.
• Powdered seeds are given in dysentery; boiled and decocted, used as a poultice for boils.
• In Cambodia, filtered hot juice of leaves used for conjunctivitis.
• In the West Indies, decoction of leaves used jaundice and for worms in children.
• Hindu physicians apply pounded leaves to erysipelas.
• In Mauritius a bark decoction is used for asthma.
• In Madagascar, bark decoction used for asthma and amenorrhea.
• In East Sudan, the bark is considered tonic and febrifuge.
Others
Dyeing / Mordant: Leaves and flowers useful as mordants in dyeing. Yellow dye from the leaves colors wool red and turns indigo-dyed silk to green. Leaves used in bleaching buri palm to prepare it for hat making. In Java, an ink is obtained by burning the bark. The Hindus Kamaras use the starch in doll painting.
Fodder: Leaves eaten by cattle and goats. Also, a fodder for silkworms.
Nectar: Flowers are considered a good source of nectar for honeybees in South India.
Seeds: Powder from tamarind kernels used in the Indian textile industry in several processes - sizing, finishing cotton, jute and spun viscose.
Wood: Highly prized for furniture, panelling, wheels, axles, mill gears, planking, mallets, handles, walking sticks, etc. In Mexico, wood is used for boiling purposes and provided an excellent source of charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder.
Oil: Seeds yield an amber oil, useful as illuminant and a varnish.

Studies
• Antibacterial: (1) Aqueous pulp extract study showed antibacterial activity against all strains tested.Phytochemical screening yielded saponins, alkaloids and glycosides. Study confims the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of infections. (2) Study evaluated the antibacterial activity of extracts from T. indica ripe fruit and Piper nigrum seed against S aureus, E coli, P aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The ethanol extract of T indica showed higher activity against all test bacteria than that from P nigrum.
• Hepatoprotective: Study showed a significant hepatoprotective effect with the aqueous extracts of tamarind leaves, fruits and unroasted seeds on paracetamol intoxicated rats.
• Anti-venom activity: Extracts of tamarind inhibited the major hydrolytic enzymes of early envenomation (local tissue damage, inflammation, hypotension). It also neutralized indirect hemolysis. It presents an alternative to serum therapy.
• Aspirin Bioavailability: Study showed Tamarindus indica fruit extract significantly increased the bioavailability of aspirin.
• Cosmetic Potential: Seed husk extract with polyphenolic components (Polyant-T) was tested for antioxidant efficiency and provides a potential use for color cosmetics and sunscreens.
• Hypolipidemic: Study showed a beneficial effect on the lipid profile with a significant lowering of the total and LDL-chol without affecting the HDL level. There was also a reduction of diastolic blood pressure.
• Chemical Constituents: Study revealed the presence of 21 saturated (67.5%) and 11 unsaturated fatty acids (30.15%). The results showed great variation in fatty acids, elemental composition and total protein attributed to environmental and ecological factors.
• Anti-Diabetic: (1) Study of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica seeds against STZ-induced damages in pancreatic islands showed AETIS partially restores pancreatic beta cells and repairs STZ-induced damages in rats. (2) Study of aqueous extract of seed showed potent antidiabetogenic activity that reduces blood sugar in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rat. (3) Study showed extracts of both fruit and seeds significantly lowered blood glucose levels in mice compared to control.
• Anti-Melioidosis: Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a life-threatening infection common among paddy cultivators in Southeast Asian countries. Study showed the methanolic extracts of T indica has anti-B. pseudomallei inhibitory potentials under invitro conditions.
• Spasmolytic: Study of the methanolic extract of fruits of Tamarindus indica on rabbit's jejunum preparations showed relaxing effects probably through calcium channel blockade.
• Genotoxicity Study: Study of extract made with T. indica was devoid of clastogenic and genotoxic activities in cells of rodents, when administered orally at three acute doses.
• Antioxidant: Study of T indica seed coat extract was found to possess strong antioxidant activity attributed to free radical scavenging activity.
• Analgesic: Study showed the aqueous extract of T indica possesses potential antinociceptive activity at both peripheral and central levels, mediated via an opiodergic mechanism.
• Fluoride Toxicity Amelioration: Fluoride is a cumulative poison, toxicity leading to bony and dental lesions developing over a period of time. Study showed the extracts of both T. indic a and M. oleifera have some potential to mitigate fluoride toxicity. Changes in plasma biochemistry suggested lesxz hepatic and renal damages in animals receiving plant extracts along with fluorinated water compared to those receiving fluorinated water alone.
• Anthelmintic: Study using an Indian earthworm as test worm confirmed T. indica's anthelmintic activity. The root extract not only demonstrated paralysis and also caused death in a shorter period of time compared to the reference drug Piperazine citrate.

Availability
Wild-crafted.
Cultivated for fruiting and culinary use.
Sweetened and candied.

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19963055
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 17;127(3):573-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.028. Epub 2009 Dec 4.
Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae): patterns of use in traditional African medicine.
Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR.
Source
Institute of Organic Farming, Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. s1180282@gmail.com
Abstract
To increase the understanding of the ethnopharmacology of a single species, elaboration of dispersed primary data is required. Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae), or tamarind, is a common tree, especially in West Africa, with a good potential to contribute to affordable local health care based on traditional medicine (TM). For this single species review, more than 60 references with detailed information on the ethnopharmacology of Tamarindus indica in the African context were selected. It showed that most prominently, the fruits are used as laxative or febrifuge throughout the Sahel and Soudan ecological zones. Tamarind bark and leaves are often involved in the treatment of wounds, especially in central West Africa. While the bark is used to treat diarrhoea in West Africa, the leaves are used for this purpose in East Africa. Our findings suggest a difference in the way tamarind is used between East and West Africa and we assess the similarities of its uses within those regions. This review demonstrates the capability of literature research to reveal knowledge by mining and compiling information from the growing body of primary ethnopharmacologic data, much of which is published in this journal. By creating a specific profile of tamarind in the context of traditional medicine throughout Africa, the authors contribute to the collection of current ethnobotanic species accounts on Tamarindus indica that tend to be qualitative and more general.
Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nice Animal Planet photos

Check out these animal planet images:


Sleepytime Cougar
animal planet
Image by Adam Arroyo
Minnesota Zoo, Apple Valley, Minnesota

Sometime I need to go to a zoo where the animals are awake.


NYC - Brooklyn - Prospect Park Zoo: Discovery Trail - Red Tailed Hawk
animal planet
Image by wallyg
The Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a large bird of prey which breeds from western Alaska and northern Canada to Panama and the West Indies. The construction of highways with treeless medians and shoulders and with utility poles alongside provided perfect habitat for perch-hunting, so Red-tailed Hawks are now a common sight along highways. Finally, these birds have moved into New York and other U.S. cities, as in the successful non-fiction book Red-Tails in Love: A Wildlife Drama in Central Park, by Marie Winn. Winn wrote about one of the most famous of them, Pale Male. This is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the "chickenhawk."

Extremely broad and stout, males generally weigh between 1.8-2.4 pounds and measure 45–56 cm. Birds of this species have a dark mark along the leading edge of the underwing, between the body and the wrist (the patagium). Most, but not all color variations have a dark band across the belly. The Light adult's breast is pale while the Light juvenile's breast is a whitish color. Light morphs have a white V ranging from its back to its wings. In most, the adults' tails are rusty red above, and juveniles have narrow brown and pale bands.

Red-tailed Hawks prefer to wait on a certain perch and swoop down on prey; though they will also patrol open areas in flight. They mainly eat small mammals, birds and reptiles. In flight, these hawks soar with wings in a slight dihedral, flapping as little as possible.

**
The Prospect Park Zoo, Brooklyn's only Zoo, is home to nearly 400 animals of more than 80 species. First established as a small menagerie in Prospect Park in the late 1800's, this collection of animals became the more formal Prospect Park Zoo on Flatbush Avenue that opened to the public on July 3, 1935. A Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, the Zoo was part of a massive city-wide park improvement program initiated and executed by former Parks Commissioner Robert Moses. Closed in 1988 for a five year, million dollar renovation program, the zoo was completely replaced save for the exteriors of the 1930's-era buildings. Rededicated on October 5, 1993, it joined Wildlife Conservation Society's (WCS) world-renowned network of wildlife parks in New York City.

The World of Animals in the southern quadrant of the zoo, features the Discovery Trail. The trail begins in the World of Animals building, but visitors quickly pass to an outdoor path that winds through the southern third of the zoo. Animals from diverse corners of the globe are shown in settings not unlike their natural habitats. Visitors may find along the trail Prairie Dogs, Porcupines, Kangaroos, Red Pandas, other animals. Signs often ask challenging questions, reinforcing presentations made in the Zoo's Discovery Center, or alert viewers to look for signs of animal habitation. Though it occupies a compact plot, The Discovery Trail has been carefully designed so that very little of the trail can be seen at one time, permitting visitors to concentrate on just the few exhibits at hand. The trail passes through marsh, open grassland, and wooded areas, featuring animals particular to each biota.


NYC - Bronx - Bronx Zoo: Jungle World - Javan Lutung
animal planet
Image by wallyg
The Javan Lutung (Trachypithecus auratus), also known as the Ebony Lutung, Ebony Langur and Javan Langur, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is normally glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns". It is found and endemic to the island of Java, as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands. One population in eastern Java has reddish brown fur like some of those picture here.

Like all langurs, this species' tail is noticeably long, measuring up to 87 cm in length while the body is only around 55 cm long. The Javan Lutung inhabits the interior and peripheral areas of rainforests. This primate is diurnal and arboreal, and its diet is primarily herbivorous. Like other langurs, the Javan Lutung is a social animal, living in groups of around seven, with one or two adult males in the group.


**
The Bronx Zoo, located within the Bronx Park, is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, comprising 265 acres of parklands and naturalistic habitats and home to over 4,000 animals. Focused on conservation, it opened on November 8, 1899, with 22 exhibits, 843 animals. The zoo's origins date back to 1895, with the establishment of the New york Zoological Society (NYZS), renamed Wild Conservation Scoiety (WCS) in 1993. Only the outer structure of the World of Reptiles remains much as it was in 1899. With the 1941 opening of African Plains, the Bronx Zoo was one of the first U.S. zoos to move away from cages and exhibit animals in naturalistic habitats.

Cool Animal Sanctuary images

Check out these animal sanctuary images:



Tiger
animal sanctuary
Image by jsutcℓiffe
At Colorado Wild Animal Sanctuary, www.wildanimalsanctuary.org/

Animal Collective, New York, June 2007

Check out these images of animals images:


Animal Collective, New York, June 2007
images of animals
Image by axlright
Animal Collective. Shot in New York in June of 2007. Images are currently available for licensing under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License. Please credit Alex Wright - alexwright.net


Animal Collective, New York, June 2007
images of animals
Image by axlright
Animal Collective. Shot in New York in June of 2007. Images are currently available for licensing under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License. Please credit Alex Wright - alexwright.net

Animals suffer

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Animals suffer
animal cruelty
Image by quinn.anya
Another reminder that I'm home. It's hard to imagine anyone caring in most other places I've lived.


287/365/1017 (March 25, 2011) – Open House for Animals and Society Institute (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
animal cruelty
Image by cseeman
Open house for the opening of the new offices for the Animals and Society Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The open house was on Friday March 25, 2011 and featured a talk by Allie Phillips, ASI consultant and author of "How Shelter Pets are Brokered for Experimentation"

Cool Animal Pound images

Some cool animal pound images:




London Zoo - Animal Adventure - Donkeys
animal pound
Image by ell brown
More shots from Animal Adventure at London Zoo.

This is a hands on area for kids.

You can touch the animals, but you have to wash you hands afterwards (I was not going to touch any animal, so no need to wash hands here - got photos to take of the animals).

At London Zoo - this area is Animal Adventure. An area that was opened in 1994 thanks to a donation from the family of the late Ambika Paul of one million pounds.

The four year old Ambika died in 1968, but loved going to the Zoo during her short life.

In Animal Adventure at London Zoo, these are donkeys.

world day for animals in laboratories 2010

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world day for animals in laboratories 2010
animal cruelty
Image by digitaura
world day for animals in laboratories rally in london

Cool Animal Protection images

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04/03/2009 7:15 PM: Minky?
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk
www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary


04/03/2009 5:18 PM - Back Courtyard
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk
www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary


July 10, 2009 6:14 PM - Emmy
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk
www.rapsociety.com/catsanctuary/

Bat sp.

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Bat sp.
animals names
Image by siwild

This Bat sp., unknown bat, was photographed in Panama, as part of a research project utilizing motion-activated camera-traps.

You are invited to go WILD on Smithsonian's interactive website, Smithsonian WILD, to learn more about the research and browse photos like this from around the world.

siwild.si.edu/wild.cfm?fid=5179605596

DSCN2965

Check out these animals facts images:


DSCN2965
animals facts
Image by Tamago Moffle
Anyone can come in contact with a goat of the storefront. I feel sense of incongruity for a name called "the egg of goat", but in fact, it is the name of the cakes.

It is made based on a lemon cake. The cloth of the cake mixes the goat's milk and the goat's cheese, and the surface is coated with white chocolate.

www.yaginotamago.com


DSCN2969
animals facts
Image by Tamago Moffle
Anyone can come in contact with a goat of the storefront. I feel sense of incongruity for a name called "the egg of goat", but in fact, it is the name of the cakes.

It is made based on a lemon cake. The cloth of the cake mixes the goat's milk and the goat's cheese, and the surface is coated with white chocolate.

www.yaginotamago.com

July 11 2010

A few nice animal protection images I found:


July 11 2010
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk


July 11 2010: Mocha
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk


July 11 2010: Bojangles?
animal protection
Image by Barbara.Doduk

Cool Animal Sanctuary images

A few nice animal sanctuary images I found:



Tiger
animal sanctuary
Image by jsutcℓiffe
At Colorado Wild Animal Sanctuary, www.wildanimalsanctuary.org/


Tiger
animal sanctuary
Image by jsutcℓiffe
At Colorado Wild Animal Sanctuary, www.wildanimalsanctuary.org/

n522_w1150

A few nice marine animals images I found:


n522_w1150
marine animals
Image by BioDivLibrary
Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika /.
Frankfurt am Main :Gedruckt und in Commission bei Heinr. Ludw. Brönner,1826-1828..
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37141065


n433_w1150
marine animals
Image by BioDivLibrary
Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika /.
Frankfurt am Main :Gedruckt und in Commission bei Heinr. Ludw. Brönner,1826-1828..
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140976


n428_w1150
marine animals
Image by BioDivLibrary
Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika /.
Frankfurt am Main :Gedruckt und in Commission bei Heinr. Ludw. Brönner,1826-1828..
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37140971

20080622 - Oranjello - (by Vicky) - attacking Anne - 2620229801_9c8dee41c6_o

Some cool animal jobs images:


20080622 - Oranjello - (by Vicky) - attacking Anne - 2620229801_9c8dee41c6_o
animal jobs
Image by Rev. Xanatos Satanicos Bombasticos (ClintJCL)
Carolyn's mom complained about this picture existing, because her arm looks too old. But Oranjello is just too cute! Is that blood on the back of Anne's hand?!

Notice his claws aren't out. We did a good job training him not to scratch, but biting is another matter.

BACKSTORY: Carolyn's mom & sister Vicky visited us briefly to check out Oranjello.

Anne.
attacking, biting.
Oranjello the cat.

upstairs, Clint and Carolyn's house, Alexandria, Virginia.

June 22, 2008.
Pic by Vicky.


... Read my blog at ClintJCL.wordpress.com
... Read Carolyn's blog at CarolynCASL.wordpress.com


Phil (The Groundhog) Should be Fired
animal jobs
Image by oxmour
WATCH THE VIDEO

Amanda questions how Phil still has his job (and in this economy)!

Nice Endangered Species Animals photos

A few nice endangered species animals images I found:




Orang Utang
endangered species animals
Image by Marcel_Ekkel

Nice Animal photos

Check out these animal images:



Animal Man #1
animal
Image by j_philipp
See the other covers of this comic book...

Nice Animal Movie photos

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Gozilla The Movie
animal movie
Image by edzahid
Location: Zoo Melaka.

Nice Names For Animals photos

Some cool names for animals images:


Risso's dolphin - Grampus griseus
names for animals
Image by greenmarlin
Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) is the only species of dolphin in the genus Grampus.TaxonomyRisso's dolphin is named after Antoine Risso, whose description formed the basis of the first public description of the animal, by Georges Cuvier, in 1812. Another common name for the Risso's dolphin is grampus (also the species' genus), although this common name was more often used for the orca. The etymology of the word grampus is unclear. It may be an agglomeration of the Latin grandis piscis or French grand poisson both meaning big fish. The specific epithet griseus refers to the mottled (almost scarred) grey colour of its body.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin

Nice Wild Animals photos

Some cool wild animals images:


I promise to do better
wild animals
Image by Kjunstorm
Meerkat in the Wild Animal Park in Escondido, CA

Cool About Animals images

Some cool about animals images:


The boy is not going to do that - is he? - Did he tell the others he was going to pee on the stage floor
about animals
Image by theirhistory
In the Christmas photo, most of the children seem to have their attention on one boy, and an area on the floor by his feet.
----------------------------
If the staff guessed that we were up to some fun, some might go ahead and allow us to do it, taking time to take a photograph rather than stopping the matter immediately, in the mid 1960s it was now more about our 'free' development than total control of us.

In the Children's Home, if you were naughty, you might as well be very naughty.
There was little difference in the punishments. I think a few of the staff even lessened our punishments if we managed to do something a bit different to the normal style of our wrong doings.

During one of the organised play sessions with the adults in control, we had to take an object and make a play scene out of it.
One of the items was a small waste paper bin, after the many hats and other ideas, one of the boys in my group, took the bin, walked into the middle of the hall. Then he pulled his shorts and pants down and sat on the bin, announcing "Sister - Can you wipe my Bot - Bot please".
The odd frown from a few of the adults, but laughter from everyone else. He did not get any punishment.



3692257510



Seal
about animals
Image by ellenm1
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